What factors influence the quality of a laser beam?

The quality of a laser beam is primarily influenced by the laser medium, optics design, and alignment. The laser medium is crucial because it determines the wavelength and coherence of the laser light; different mediums (like gases, solids, or liquids) have varying effects on the beam's properties. Optics design directly affects how the laser beam is shaped, focused, and directed, ensuring optimal performance for its intended application. Proper alignment of optics is essential for maximizing beam quality; misalignment can lead to scattering, defocusing, or loss of power, all of which degrade the quality of the laser output. Thus, these three factors collectively ensure that the laser beam is well-formed, has high intensity, and maintains coherence, which is critical for effective laser applications.